The attached article, Genetic and epigenetic determinants of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Toward a precision medicine approach, provides a comprehensive review of how genetics and epigenetics influence individual vulnerability to prenatal alcohol exposure. Rather than treating FASD as a purely exposure-based condition, the authors emphasize that variability in outcomes is strongly shaped by biological differences, particularly genetic variations in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes (like ADH, ALDH, CYP2E1, and catalase), alongside epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA regulation. The paper argues for a shift toward precision medicine in FASD prevention and intervention, recognizing that some fetuses may be biologically more susceptible to harm from even minimal alcohol exposure.
Genetic and epigenetic determinants of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Toward a precision medicine approach
