Retrieved from https://neurosciencenews.com/genetics-alcohol-placenta-27826/
Summary: A recent study shows that alcohol exposure in the earliest stages of pregnancy can lead to detectable molecular changes in the late-gestation placenta, even influencing gene expression through DNA methylation. These changes, particularly in growth and neurotransmitter pathways, could have lasting effects on fetal development, potentially impacting future health.
Interestingly, the impact varies by sex, affecting growth-related genes in males and serotonin-related genes in females. This research provides a proof-of-concept for a potential screening tool that could identify alcohol exposure in newborns by detecting these molecular signatures.
This could enable earlier interventions and better support for children affected by early prenatal alcohol exposure. The study offers critical insights into the lasting impact of early alcohol exposure.
Key Facts
- Early alcohol exposure alters DNA methylation in the placenta, affecting gene expression.
- The effects differ by sex: growth genes are more affected in males, while serotonin pathways are impacted in females.
- Findings could lead to early screening tests to detect alcohol exposure in newborns.
A new study led by Pr. Serge McGraw, researcher at CHU Sainte-Justine and professor at Université de Montréal, shows that the effects of alcohol exposure on an embryo prior to implantation in the uterus can be detected in the late-gestation placenta.
Using a mouse model well suited for this type of exposure, the researcher and his team observed significant molecular changes in the placenta, including the expression of numerous genes and DNA methylation, an epigenetic marker that influences gene expression by acting as a switch. Since the placenta plays a central role in the development and health of the fetus, these changes could have major consequences for the child’s future.